What kinds of resources will we find in space?

Starbase currently has like 20 mineable materials. Here are inventory icons for materials and their processed ingots:

Here are some names at the moment:

Asteroid rock shell materials

• Valkite

• Ajatite

Asteroid core metals

• Bastium

• Oninum

• Aegisium

• Charodium

• Merkerium

• Lukium

What do the various processed materials do?

 Nhurgite and Surtrite are used to make different explosive types. For example, simple C4 / RDX explosives would be made primarily by Nhurgite, while incendiary versions would include Surtrite. Karnite and Haderite are still looking for their homes. But Alloys are one thing; they are certainly being used.

How are resources distributed throughout space? Is it uniform?

Ore distribution will be.. interesting.. not equal.

Are there rare resources/materials worth fighting over?

There is a lot of materials in design, and some of them are quite valuable. Fighting for resources will be a thing for sure.